Genital Warts
From Encyclopedia of Sex and Sexuality
Warts occurring on the external genitalia, like warts occurring elsewhere on the body, are caused by a virus infection. Genital warts (also called Condyloma acuminata, or venereal warts) result from infection with specific subtypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV). This virus inserts its own genetic material (DNA) into the host’s human gene code. The viral DNA produces rapid replication of virus particles and cell division, producing warts that are often visible to the naked eye. They are reddish, soft swellings that can grow rapidly. They thrive in a warm, moist environment and are commonly found in the perineal, genital, and anal regions of the male and female. The male foreskin and the female cervix and vulva are common sites.
Genital warts are identified as venereal because the HPV is sexually transmitted. Estimates suggest that 1 million new cases of this infection occur annually in the United States. The medical importance of these infections is in the link that has been demonstrated between HPV infection and cervical dysplasia, a premalignant precursor of cervical cancer.
The treatment of HPV disease is hampered by the fact that most HPV infection does not result in wart formation. The detection of the infection when warts are not visible can be aided by applying diluted acetic acid to the genitalia. Involved areas of skin will turn white and can be biopsied and treated.
The treatment of genital warts is notoriously difficult: recurrences and reinfection are common. Certainly, visible lesions should be removed. Warts can be surgically excised, frozen and removed, or removed with a laser. Medicinal agents have also been used with success. Women with a history of genital warts or sexual partners who have genital warts should have routine gynecological follow-up, including annual Pap smears, to check for cancerous changes of their cervixes. Since the infection is sexually transmitted, condoms are recommended when lesions are present or suspected, to prevent the infection of sexual partners.
